HLT 362V Complete Course Latest Version
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HLT 362V Complete Course Latest Version
HLT362V
HLT 362V Module 1 Mean
Variance Standard Deviation
Please type you answer in
the cell beside the question.
- Identify the
sampling technique being used. Every 20th patient that comes into the
emergency room is given a satisfaction survey upon their discharge.
- random
sampling
- cluster
sampling
- systematic
sampling
- stratified
sampling
- none of the
above
- The formula
for finding the sample mean is ______________.
- The formula
for finding sample standard deviation is ________________.
HLT 362V Module 1 Exercise
16 Done
1- The researchers
analyzed the data they collected as though it were at what level of
measurement? (Your choices are: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval/ratio, or
Experimental)
2- What was the mean
posttest empowerment score for the control group?
3- Compare the mean baseline
and posttest depression scores of the experimental group. Was this an expected
finding? Provide a rationale for your answer.
4- Compare the mean
baseline and posttest depression scores of the control group. Do these scores
strengthen or weaken the validity of the research results? Provide a rationale
for your answer.
5- Which group’s test
scores had the least amount of variability or dispersion? Provide a rationale
for your answer.
6 – Did the empowerment
variable or self-care self-efficacy variable demonstrate the greatest amount of
dispersion? Provide a rationale for your answer.
7 – The mean (X ̅) is a
measure of a distribution while the SD is a measure of its scores. Both X ̅ and
SD are statistics.
8 – What was the mean
severity for renal disease for the research subjects? What was the dispersion
or variability of the renal disease severity scores? Did the severity scores
vary significantly between the control and the experimental groups? Is this
important? Provide a rationale for your answer.
9 – Which variable was
least affected by the empowerment program? Provide a rationale for your answer.
10 – Was it important for
the researchers to include the total means and SDs for the study variables in
Table 2 to promote the readers’ understanding of the study results? Provide a
rationale for your answer.
HLT 362V M2 Population
Sampling Distribution
For a normal distribution
that has a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 8. Determine the Z-score for
each of the following X values:
X = 108
X = 112
X = 98
X = 70
X = 124
Use the information in 1 A
to determine the area or probability of the following:
P(x > 108)
P(x
HLT 362V Week 2 Module 2
Exercise 29
- Assuming
that the distribution is normal for weight relative to the ideal and 99%
of the male participants scored between (-53.68, 64.64), where did 95% of
the values for weight relative to the ideal lie? Round your answer to two
decimal places.
- Which of the
following values from Table 1 tells us about variability of the scores in
a distribution?
- Assuming
that the distribution for General Health Perceptions is normal, 95% of the
females’ scores around the mean were between what values? Round your
answer to two decimal places.
- Assuming
that the distribution of scores for Pain is normal, 95% of the men’s scores
around the mean were between what two values? Round your answer to two
decimal places.
- Were the
body image scores significantly different for women versus men? Provide a
rationale for your answer.
- Assuming
that the distribution of Mental Health scores for men is normal, where are
99% of the men’s mental health scores around the mean in this
distribution? Round your answer to two decimal places.
- Assuming
that the distribution of scores for Physical Functioning in women is
normal, where are 99% of the women’s scores around the mean in this
distribution? Round your answer to two decimal places.
- Assuming
that the distribution of scores is normal, 99% of HIV-positive body image
scores around the mean were between what two values? Round your answer to
two decimal places.
99% of HIV-positive body
image scores for males were between (24.14, 111.86):
- Assuming
that the distribution of scores for Role Functioning is normal, 99% of the
men’s scores around the mean were between what values? Round your answer
to two decimal places.
- What are
some limitations of this study that decrease the potential for
generalizing the findings to the target population?
HLT 362V Module 3
Hypothesis Testing Week 3
Problem 1
- There is a
new drug that is used to treat leukemia. The following data represents the
remission time in weeks for a random sample of 21 patients using the drug.
Problem 2
- We wish to
test the claim that the mean body mass index (BMI) of men is equal to the
mean BMI of women. Use the data to the right to test this claim.
HLT 362V Module 3 Exercise
31
What are the two groups
whose results are reflected by the t ratios in Tables 2 and 3?
Which t ratio in Table 2
represents the greatest relative or standardized difference between the pretest
and 3 months outcomes? Is this t ratio statistically significant? Provide a
rationale for your answer.
Which t ratio listed in
Table 3 represents the smallest relative difference between the pretest and 3
months? Is this t ratio statistically significant? What does this result mean?
What are the assumptions
for conducting a t-test for dependent groups in a study? Which of these
assumptions do you think were met by this study?
Compare the 3 months and 6
months t ratios for the variable Exercise from Table 3. What is your conclusion
about the long-term effect of the health-promotion intervention on Exercise in
this study?
What is the smallest,
significant t ratio listed in Table 2? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Why are the larger t
ratios more likely to be statistically significant?
Did the health-promotion
program have a statistically significant effect on Systolic blood pressure (BP)
in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Examine the means and
standard deviations for Systolic BP at pretest, 3 months (completion of the
treatment), and 6 months. What do these results indicate? Are these results
clinically important? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Is this study design
strong or weak? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Would you, as a health
care provider, implement this intervention at your facility based on the Total
Risk Score results? Provide a rationale for your answer.
HLT 362V Module 4 ANOVA
Excel Worksheet
SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE IN
DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS
The following table
contains a random sample of 40 women partitioned into three groups:
Group 1: ages below 20
Group 2: ages 20 through
40
Group 3: ages over 40
The values in the table
are the systolic blood pressure levels
The hypothesis test:
H0:u1=u2=u3
H1: at least one of the
treatment means is different
Use the Excel Analysis
ToolPak to create an Anova – Single Factor table. Is there sufficient evidence
to support the claim that women in the different age categories have different
mean blood pressure levels? Give reasons for your decision.
HLT 362V Module 4 Exercise
36
The researchers found a
significant difference between the two groups (control and treatment) for
change in mobility of the women with osteoarthritis (OA) over 12 weeks with the
results of F(1, 22) 9.619, p 0.005. Discuss each aspect of these results.
State the null hypothesis
for the Baird and Sands (2004) study that focuses on the effect of the GI with
PMR treatment on patients’ mobility level. Should the null hypothesis be
rejected for the difference between the two groups in change in mobility scores
over 12 weeks? Provide a rationale for your answer.
The researchers stated
that the participants in the intervention group reported a reduction in
mobility difficulty at week 12. Was this result statistically significant, and
if so at what probability?
If the researchers had set
the level of significance or = 0.01, would the results of p 0.001 still be
statistically significant? Provide a rationale for your answer.
If F(3, 60) 4.13, p 0.04,
and = 0.01, is the result statistically significant? Provide a rationale for
your answer. Would the null hypothesis be accepted or rejected?
Can ANOVA be used to test
proposed relationships or predicted correlations between variables in a single
group? Provide a rationale for your answer.
If a study had a result of
F(2, 147) 4.56, p 0.003, how many groups were in the study, and what was the
sample size?
The researchers state that
the sample for their study was 28 women with a diagnosis of OA, and that 18
were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 10 were randomly assigned
to the control group. Discuss the study strengths and/or weaknesses in this
statement.
In your opinion, have the
researchers established that guided imagery (GI) with progressive muscle
relaxation (PMR) reduces pain and decreases mobility difficulties in women with
OA?
The researchers stated
that this was a 12-week longitudinal, randomized clinical trial pilot study
with 28 women over 65 years of age with the diagnosis of OA. What are some of
the possible problems or limitations that might occur with this type of study?
HLT 362V Module 5
Correlation Regression and Chi Square Excel Worksheet
SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC
BLOOD PRESSURE OF FEMALES
The following table
represents systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements of 40 females.
- A) Use the
Excel Analysis ToolPak to find the linear correlation coefficient for the
systolic and diastolic measurements.
- B) Use the
Excel Analysis ToolPak to determine the linear regression equation that
uses the systolic pressure to predict the diastolic pressure.
- C) What is
the best predicted value for diastolic pressure given that a woman has a
systolic level of 100?
HLT 362V EXERCISE 11
Questions to be Graded
- What
demographic variables were measured at least at the interval level of
measurement?
- What
statistics were used to describe the length of labor in this study? Were
these appropriate?
- What other
statistic could have been used to describe the length of labor? Provide a
rationale for your answer.
- Were the
distributions of scores similar for the experimental and control groups
for the length of labor? Provide a rationale for your answer.
- Were the
experimental and control groups similar in their type of feeding? Provide
a rationale for your answer.
- What was the
marital status mode for the subjects in the experimental and control
groups? Provide both the frequency and percentage for the marital status
mode for both groups.
- Could a
median be determined for the education data? If so, what would the median
be for education for the experimental and the control groups? Provide a
rationale for your answer.
- Can the
findings from this study be generalized to Black women? Provide a
rationale for your answer.
- If there
were 32 subjects in the experimental group and 36 subjects in the control
group, why is the income data only reported for 30 subjects in the
experimental group and 34 subjects in the control group?
- Was the
sample for this study adequately described? Provide a rationale for your
answer.
HLT 362V EXERCISE 18
Questions to be Graded
- In comparing
men and women, which group had higher body image scores? Provide a
rationale for your answer.
- Men had
higher variability in weight change over the last 12 months when compared
to women. Is this statement true or false? Provide a rationale for your
answer.
- What are the
X_and SD values for men’s body weight ratio?
- Assuming
that the distribution of scores is normal, calculate the scores where 95%
of values around the mean lie for women with weight change over the last 3
months. Round your answer to two decimal places.
- Assuming
that the distribution of body weight ratio is a normal curve, 95% of the
men lie between which two values of body weight ratio around the mean?
Round your answer to two decimal places.
- Assuming
that the distribution of womens’s body image scores is normal, 99% of
women’s body image scores around the mean lie between what two values?
Round your answer to two decimal places.
- Assuming
that the distribution is a normal curve, 99% of men were between what
ages? Round your answer to two decimal places.
- Assuming
that the distribution is a normal curve, 95% of men were between what
ages? Round your answer to two decimal places.
- Did
HIV-positive participants have signifi cantly higher body image scores
than those with AIDS? Provide a rationale for your response.
HLT 362V Exercise 20
- Which
patient scored the highest on the preoperative CVLT Acquisition? What was
his or her T score?
- Which
patient scored the lowest on postoperative CVLT Retrieval? What was this
patient’s T score?
- Did the
patient in Question 2 have more of a memory performance decline than
average on the CVLT Retrieval? Provide a rationale for your answer.
- What is the
mean ( ) and standard deviation (SD) for preoperative T score for CVLT
Acquisition?
- Is the
preoperative Retrieval T score for Patient 5 above or below the mean for
the norm of the group? Provide a rationale for your answer.
- Assuming
that the distribution of the preoperative CVLT Retrieval T scores is
normal, the middle 68% of the patients had T scores between what two
values?
- Assuming
that the distribution of scores for the postoperative CVLT Retrieval T
scores is normal, the middle 68% of the patients had T scores between what
two values?
- The
researchers state that it appears that the functional integrity of the
left temporal lobe, despite evidence of structural abnormality, plays a
considerable role when it comes to memory outcomes following left ATL. Can
the findings from this study be generalized to a larger population?
Provide a rationale for your answer.
- If a patient
had a raw score = 30, what would his/her postoperative CVLT Retrieval T
score be?
- Did patients
demonstrate more postoperative memory declines among CVLT Retrieval T
scores than CVLT Acquisition T scores? Provide a rationale for your answer.
HLT 362V EXERCISE 23
Questions to be Graded
- What is the
r value for the relationship between Hamstring strength index 60°/s and
the Shuttle run test? Is this r value significant? Provide a rationale for
your answer.
- Consider r =
1.00 and r = -1.00. Which r value is stronger? Provide a rationale for
your answer.
- Describe the
direction of the relationship between the Hamstring strength index 60°/s
and the Shuttle run test.
- Without
using numbers, describe the relationship between the Hamstring strength
index 120°/s and the Triple hop index.
- Which
variable has the weakest relationship with the Quadriceps strength index
120°/s? Provide a rationale for your answer.
- Which of the
following sets of variables has the strongest relationship?
- Hamstring strength
index 120°/s and the Hop index
- Quadriceps
strength index 60°/s and the Carioca test
- Quadriceps
strength index 120°/s and the Side step test
- Quadriceps
strength index 60°/s and the Triple hop index
- In Table 5,
two r values are reported as r = -0.498 and r = -0.528. Describe each r
value in words, indicating which would be more statistically significant,
and provide a rationale for your answer.
- The
researchers stated that the study showed a positive, significant
correlation between Quadriceps strength indices and pre- and postoperative
functional stability. Considering the data presented in the Table 5, do
you agree with their statement? Provide a rationale for your answer.
- The
researchers stated that no significant relationship could be described
between Hamstring strength indices 60°/s and functional stability. Given
the data in Table 5, explain why not.
- Consider the
relationship reported for the Quadriceps strength index 120°/s and the
Hop index (r = 0.744**, p = 0.000 ). What do these r and p values indicate
related to statistical significance and clinical importance?
HLT 362V EXERCISE 24
Questions to be Graded 80
- What is the
r value listed for the relationship between variables 4 and 9?
- Describe the
correlation r = -0.32** using words. Is this a statistically significant
correlation? Provide a rationale for your answer.
- Calculate
the percentage of variance explained for r = 0.53. Is this correlation
clinically important? Provide a rationale for your answer.
- According to
Table 2, r = 0.15 is listed as the correlation between which two items?
Describe this relationship. What is the effect size for this relationship,
and what size sample would be needed to detect this relationship in future
studies?
- Calculate
the percentage of variance explained for r = 0.15. Describe the clinical
importance of this relationship.
- Which two
variables in Table 2, have the weakest correlation, or r value? Which
relationship is the closest to this r value? Provide a rationale for your
answer.
- Is the
correlation between LOT-R Total scores and Avoidance-Distraction coping
style statistically significant? Is this relationship relevant to
practice? Provide rationales for your answers.
- Is the
correlation between variables 9 and 4 significant? Is this correlation
relevant to practice? Provide a rationale for your answer.
- Consider two
values, r = 0.08 and r = -0.58. Describe them in relationship to each
other. Describe the clinical importance of both r values.
- Examine the
Pearson r values for LOT-R Total, which measured Optimism with the Task
and Emotion Coping Styles. What do these results indicate? How might you
use this information in your practice?
BONUS QUESTION
One of the study goals was
to examine the relationship between optimism and psychopathology. Using the
data in Table 2, formulate an opinion regarding the overall correlation between
optimism and psychopathology. Provide a rationale for your answer.
HLT 362V Week 1
Discussions Questions
How could graphics and/or
statistics be used to misrepresent data? Where have you seen this done?
What are the
characteristics of a population for which a mean/median/mode would be
appropriate?
HLT 362V Week 2
Discussions Questions
Explain the importance of
random sampling. What problems/limitations could prevent a truly random sampling
and how can they be prevented?
How large would your
population have to be for a sample to be appropriate (i.e., rather than
measuring the whole population)?
HLT 362V Week 3
Discussions Questions
Suppose you hear an
“old-timer” say, “Why, in my day, kids were much more respectful and didn’t
cause as much trouble as they do nowadays!” Formulate a hypothesis related to
this statement that you could test. How would you test it?
Researchers routinely
choose an α-level of 0.05 for testing their hypotheses. What are some
experiments for which you might want a lower α -level (e.g. 0.01)? What are
some situations in which you might accept a higher level (e.g. 0.1)?
Explain when a z-test
would be appropriate over a t-test.
Researchers routinely
choose an alpha level of 0.05 for testing their hypotheses. What are some
experiments for which you might want a lower alpha level (e.g., 0.01)? What are
some situations in which you might accept a higher level (e.g., 0.1)?
HLT 362V Week 4
Discussions Questions
How would you explain the
analysis of variance, assuming that your audience has not had a statistics
class before?
What is an interaction?
Describe an example; what are the variables within your population (work,
social, academic, etc.) for which you might expect interactions?
HLT 362V Week 5
Discussions Questions
Now that you are familiar
with the basic concepts of statistics, what are some examples of when you have
seen or heard statistics used inappropriately?
Describe the error in the
conclusion. Given: There is a linear correlation between the number of
cigarettes smoked and the pulse rate. As the number of cigarettes
increases the pulse rate increases. Conclusion: Cigarettes cause
the pulse rate to increase.


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