NU670 Unit 4 Exam 1 Herzing University

 NU670 Unit 4 Exam 1 Herzing University

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Question # 1

The perception of where a stimulus is in space and in relation to body parts is a function of the:

1.      occipital lobe.

2.      parietal lobe.

3.      hypothalamus.

4.      prefrontal cortex.

 

Question # 2

A patient has begun experiencing dysfunction of the hypothalamus. What nursing interventions will the nurse include in the patient’s plan of care? Select all that apply.

1.      Assisting the patient with completing daily menus

2.      Learning about healthy sleep hygiene habits

3.      Monitoring and recording temperature every 4 hours

 

Question # 4

A neuron has been hyperpolarized. How will this affect the excitability of the neuron?

1.      The neuron will have a membrane potential farther from the threshold.

2.      The neurons excitability will be significantly increased.

3.      The membrane potential of the neuron will be closer to the threshold.

4.      The neuron will be more difficult to repolarize after firing.

 

Question # 5

The nurse is caring for a patient who has experienced damage to the parietal lobes of the brain. The nurse anticipates that the patient with have difficulty with which of the following?

1.      Perceiving sensory input

2.      Seeing objects in front of him

3.      Speaking fluently

4.      Calculating a math problem

 

Question # 6

There remains a stigma attached to psychiatric illnesses. The psychiatric nurse makes the greatest impact on this sociological problem when:

1.      Arranging for adequate and appropriate social support for the patient

2.      Assisting the patient to achieve the maximum level of independent functioning

3.      Regularly praising the patient for seeking and complying with appropriate treatment

4.      Providing educational programming for patients and the public

 

Question # 7

A group of nursing students are reviewing the various neurotransmitters. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify which of the following as a neuropeptide?

1.      Glutamate

2.      Melatonin

3.      Gamma-aminobutyric acid

4.      Serotonin

 

Question # 8

A group of nursing students are reviewing the role of serotonin in psychiatric disorders. The students demonstrate a need for additional study when they identify which disorder as being associated with its dysfunction?

1.      Schizophrenia

2.      Panic disorder

3.      Depression

4.      Obsessive-compulsive disorder

 

Question # 9

The physician tells the nurse, ” the medication i’m prescribing for the patient enhances the g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system.” Which patient behavior will provide evidence that the medication therapy is successful?

1.      patient is actively involved in playing cards

2.      reports that “I don’t feel as anxious as I did a couple days ago.”

3.      reports both auditory and visual hallucinations have decreased

4.      patient states ” I am much happier than before I came to the hospital.”

 

Question # 10

A patient with depression mentions to the nurse, My mother says depression is a chemical disorder. What does she mean? The nurses response is based on the theory that depression primarily involves which of the following neurotransmitters?

1.      COMT and glutamate

2.      Cortisol and GABA

3.      Monamine and glycine

4.      Serotonin and norepinephrine

 

Question # 11

The blood-brain and CSF-brain barriers control the chemical environment of the brain by allowing easy entrance to only a few chemicals that include:

1.      potassium.

2.      protein.

3.      oxygen.

4.      glutamate.

 

Question # 12

A patient with a diagnosis of epilepsy has required surgical removal of part of her prefrontal cortex. Which of the following effects should her family and care team anticipate?

1.      Changes in behavior and judgment

2.      Sensory losses

3.      Deficits in regulation of the endocrine system

4.      Lapses in balance and coordination

 

Question # 13

The nurse is caring for an older adult who has experienced damage to the frontal lobe after an automobile accident. The nurse anticipates that the patient will have difficulty with which of the following?

1.      Concept formation

2.      Smell

3.      Hearing

4.      Receptive speech

 

Question # 14

The pia mater is a connective tissue sheath that covers the spinal cord and also contains:

1.      blood vessels.

2.      spinal fluid.

3.      fibrocartilage.

4.      segmental nerves.

 

Question # 15

Neurons are characterized by the ability to communicate with other neurons and body cells through:

1.      action potentials.

2.      nodes of Ranvier.

3.      axon hillocks.

4.      astrocytes.

 

Question 16

The patient’s family asks whether a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease creates an increased risk for any mental health issues. What question would the nurse ask to assess for such a comorbid condition?

1.      Have you noticed your father talking about seeing things you cant see?

2.      Is your dad preoccupied with behaviors that he needs to repeat over and over?

3.      Has your father exhibited any signs of depression?

4.      Does your father seem to experience mood swings?

 

Question # 17

The unit physicians have ordered magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tests for the following patients. For which patients would the nurse decline to make test arrangements without further discussion with the physician? Select all that apply.

1.      A patient who is taking a neuroleptic medication

2.      A patient who is breastfeeding

3.      A patient who had a total knee replacement

4.      A patient who has an allergy to iodine

5.      A patient who is claustrophobic

 

Question # 18

A patient is scheduled for a challenge test. Which of the following would the nurse include when explaining this test to the patient?

1.      Intravenous administration of a substance to induce symptoms

2.      Application of electrodes to the scalp for monitoring

3.      Exposure to a flashing strobe light to elicit abnormal activity

4.      Evaluation electrical impulses recorded on graph paper

 

Question # 19

A nurse is developing a plan of care for a patient experiencing expressive aphasia. The nurse incorporates knowledge that the patient most likely has sustained damage to which of the following?

1.      The hippocampus

2.      Basal ganglia

3.      Brocas area

4.      The postcentral gyrus

 

Question # 20

A patient with schizophrenia is described as having difficulty with executive functions. What patient dysfunction can the nurse expect to assess behaviorally? Select all that apply.

1.      Cannot remember the names of staff who often provide care

2.      Frequently speaks of hurting himself or of hurting other patients

3.      Consistently fails to bring money when going to buy snacks

4.      Requires repeated reinforcement on how to make a sandwich

5.      Invades the personal space of others frequently

 

Question # 21

A patient has experienced a stroke (cerebral vascular accident) that has resulted in damage to the Broca area. Which evaluation does the nurse conduct to reinforce this diagnosis?

1.      Monitoring the patients blood pressure

2.      Asking the patient to recite the alphabet

3.      Observing the patient pick up a spoon

4.      Comparing the patients grip strength in both hands

 

Question # 22

At admission, the nurse learns that some time ago the patient had an infarct in the right cerebral cortex. During assessment, the nurse would expect to find that the patient:

1.      Demonstrates major deficiencies in speech

2.      Cannot use his right hand to shave himself or comb his own hair

3.      Is unable to effectively hold a spoon in the left hand

4.      Has difficulty explaining how to go about using the telephone

 

Question # 23

A pregnant womans most recent ultrasound is suggestive of spina bifida, and her primary care provider has subsequently order further diagnostic testing.  The pathophysiologic effects of this disease are due to:

1.      lesions in the dorsal root ganglia.

2.      abnormal closure of the neural tube.

3.      malformation of the mesoderm.

4.      hypertrophy of the primary vesicles.

 

Question # 24

The somatic nervous system provides sensory and motor innervation for:

1.      smooth muscle.

2.      peripheral nerves.

3.      secretory glands.

4.      abdominal viscera.

 

Question # 25

A patient with depression tells the nurse that he is to have a test that involves the recording of an electroencephalogram (EEG) throughout the night. The nurse most likely identifies this testing as which of the following?

1.      Functional magnetic resonance imaging

2.      Evoked potentials

3.      Polysomnography

4.      Sleep deprivation EEG

 

Question # 26

A nurse is reading a journal article about psychoneuroimmunology. Which information would the nurse most likely find? Select all that apply.

·         Static activity of natural killer cells in response to stress

·         Neurotoxins role in receptor site damage

·         Interruption in the typical circadian rhythm cycle

·         Hypothalamicpituitary thyroid axis disruption

·         Hypothalamic damage leading to immune dysfunction

 

Question # 27

A patient who is scheduled to undergo a sleep deprivation electroencephalogram (EEG) in the morning is experiencing moderate anxiety about the procedure. Based on an understanding of this test, which of the following would the nurse avoid?

1.      Giving her a noncaffeinated beverage of her choice

2.      Taking a thorough history of her use of prescribed and illicit drugs

3.      Explaining in depth what to expect during the upcoming procedure

4.      Administering a benzodiazepine medication prescribed for anxiety

 

Question # 28

A patient who has a parietal lobe injury is being evaluated for psychiatric rehabilitation needs. Of the aspects of functioning listed, which will the nurse identify as a focus of nursing intervention?

1.      Processing associations

2.      Detecting auditory stimuli

3.      Receiving visual images

4.      Expression of emotion

Question # 29

Which of the following messages is most likely to be carried by general somatic afferent (GSA) neurons?

1.      The sensation of cold when touching ice

2.      Information about the position of a joint

3.      The message to move a finger and thumb

4.      The message to move the larynx during speech

Question # 30

A nurse is teaching a medication class to a group of psychiatric patients. One of them asks the nurse why he has so much more trouble learning now when he’s in his 60s than he did when he was younger. Which of the following concepts would the nurse integrate into the response?

1.      Neuroplasticity

2.      The extrapyramidal motor system

3.      Psychoneuroimmunology

4.      The amygdala

Question # 31

When describing the various neurotransmitters, which of the following would the nurse identify as the primary cholinergic neurotransmitter?

1.      Dopamine

2.      Serotonin

3.      Norepinephrine

4.      Acetylcholine

Question # 32

A patient whose symptoms of mild depression have been managed with antidepressants is concerned about the affect of accepting a promotion that will require working the night shift. What will be the basis of the response the nurse gives to address the patients concern?

1.      The change in sleep routine can be managed with a healthy sleep hygiene routine.

2.      The interruption in normal wake-sleep patterns can influence mood disorders.

3.      The medication can be adjusted to manage any increase in depression.

4.      The connection between a new job and possible depression does exist.

 

Question # 33

The nurse is assessing a patient experiencing anxiety and observes increased sweating and gooseflesh. The nurse understands that these are the result of which substance?

1.      Serotonin

2.      Acetylcholine

3.      Norepinephrine

4.      Histamine

 

Question # 34

In contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system include:

1.      sweating.

2.      vasoconstriction.

3.      pupil dilation.

4.      anabolism

Question # 35

A group of students are reviewing information about neurotransmitter subtypes. The group demonstrates understanding of the information when they identify which neurotransmitter as having muscarinic and nicotinic receptors?

1.      Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

2.      Serotonin

3.      Dopamine

4.      Acetylcholine

Question # 36

The nurse is caring for a hospitalized patient who has a disorder of the hypothalamus. When developing the patients plan of care, in which of the following areas would the nurse anticipate a problem?

1.      Motor activity

2.      Constipation

3.      Sleep

4.      Speech

Question # 37

The nurse is discouraged because the patient exhibiting negative symptoms of schizophrenia has shown no improvement with the planned interventions to reduce the symptoms. The mentors remark that helps place the problem in perspective is:

1.      Patients can be perverse and cling to symptoms despite our efforts.

2.      You arent responsible for the behavior of any other person.

3.      Negative symptoms have been associated with genetic pathology.

4.      It will take several trail and error attempts to get the right combination care.

 

Question # 38

A patient asks the nurse, My wife has breast cancer. Could it be caused by her chronic depression? Which response is supported by research data?

1.      Too much stress has been proven to cause all kinds of cancer.

2.      Stress does cause the release of factors that suppress the immune system.

3.      There have been no research studies done on stress and disease yet.

4.      There appears to be little connection between stress and diseases of the body

 

Question # 39

A nurse is developing a plan of care for a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia. The nurse integrates knowledge of this disorder, identifying which neurotransmitter as being primarily involved?

1.      Norepinephrine

2.      Dopamine

3.      Serotonin

4.      Acetylcholine

Question # 40

Neurotrophic factors contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis in which of the following ways?

1.      By increasing the sensitivity of receptors on postsynaptic cells

2.      By catalyzing the effects of neurotransmitters

3.      By promoting the growth and survival of neurons

4.      By selectively increasing or decreasing the release of neurotransmitters

 

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